Abstract: High performance fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) are essential elements of any advanced electronic systems. In recent years, both analog and all-digital PLLs employing sampling or sub-sampling phase detector have gained popularity and demonstrated below 100-fs integrated jitter and superior figure-of-merit. This talk focuses on this PLL architecture and elaborates the advanced design techniques to achieve low jitter, low fractional spurs, and low power operation.
Abstract: Accurate measurement of certain chemicals and biological substances is essential for health care and biomanufacturing. Electrochemical sensing methods are particularly useful for this purpose because they are cost-effective, can be made very small, and provide real-time data. Technologies such as pH and ion-sensitive sensors that are integrated into standard CMOS platforms (the technology used for constructing integrated circuits) have shown to be effective.